ENV-01 Halogens in the marine environment
Emission of brominated volatile halocarbons from farmed tropical seaweeds
Fiona Seh-Lin Keng* , Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Siew-Moi Phang, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. and Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Noorsaadah Abd Rahman, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hui-Yin Yeong, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Gill Malin, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Emma Leedham Elvidge, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
William Sturges, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Choon-Weng Lee, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Seaweeds emit volatile halocarbons that contribute to the formation of reactive atmospheric radicals and marine aerosols. The presence of reactive atmospheric radicals drives the rapid cycling of tropospheric photo-oxidants with O3, which negatively impacts coastal air quality, while those that reach the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere contribute to the loss of the stratospheric ozone layer. The emission of halocarbons by the seaweeds are associated with defence and stress systems and are influenced by environmental variables such as irradiance and temperature. Geographical and temporal differences in emission and biovariability commonly impede efforts to quantify these compounds from their biogenic sources. This study investigated the emissions of CHBr3, CHBr2Cl and CHBrClfrom two commercially important tropical seaweeds, Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto and Trono, and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L. M. Liao during cultivation at three cultivation systems, and how changes in environmental parameters such as irradiance, temperature, and seawater nutrients could affect the halocarbon emissions by the farmed seaweeds. Meanwhile, estimation from this study showed that the harvesting activity of K. alvarezii in the year 2020 in Malaysia could have released 63 – 322 mol Br hr-1