Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids are an important fraction of organic aerosols, which can impact radiative forcing and climate via participating cloud formation. However, their sources and formation pathways in the atmosphere remain less understood, especially in polar regions. In this study, water-soluble organic components including dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in aerosols from the Arctic during summertime were investigated. The concentrations of total diacids and related compounds detected in the Arctic aerosols enhanced by about 1-2 orders of magnitude due to long-range transported wildfire plumes from central Alaska and associated more intense anthropogenic sources. Oxalic acid (C₂) was predominant in the Arctic aerosols, followed by succinic (C₄), malonic (C₃), glutaric (C₅) and phthalic (Ph) acids. During the heavy pollution episode in the Arctic, long-range transported wildfire plumes and local secondary formation made major contribution to the diacids and related compounds, while marine biogenic sources had little influences. It is noteworthy the mass ratios of specific diacids (e.g., C₆/C₉, Ph/C₉) likely implied that anthropogenic emissions including biomass burning made a more significant contribution than biogenic emissions in the Arctic region during summer. Ice nucleation simulation results showed that the enhanced water-soluble organic acids probably made a more significant contribution to ice nuclei over the Arctic. The findings from this study on dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Arctic aerosols will provide more information to better understand the links between aerosols, particularly those from wildfires and anthropogenic emissions, biogeochemistry, and climate.