INT-02 Marine Nitrogen Cycle
Research progress on copper: Relationship with Marine nirtogen cycle,a review
Sang Wu* , Hainan University

Copper is a crucial trace metal element for most living organisms. In natural ecosystems, copper predominantly exists in two different redox states, Cu(I) and Cu(II). Both valence copper ions play a critical role as catalytic cofactors in protein composition and redox biochemistry. In addition, the biological functions of cooper include electron transfer, oxidation of organic matter and metal ions, and transport of oxygen and iron, and so on, leading to copper becoming an essential trace metal element in most living things. Throughout the history of research on the biological role of copper, it has been shifted from simple surface macro-regulation to molecular response mechanism, so did the role of nitrogen cycle. At present, the researches on copper in nitrogen cycle mainly focus on ammonia oxidation process, the first step of nitrification, and denitrification process, responsible for the important process of nitrogen removal. Three copper-containing enzymes, ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), nitrite reductase (Nir S) and nitrous oxide reductase (NOS), are of particular interest. In this study, we will review the Cu-limiting thresholds for various nitrogen cycle processes, especially nitrification and denitrification, as well as the response mechanisms and niche changes of related organisms to copper concentrations changes in aquatic environments, which will help us gain a deeper understanding of how this trace metal element is balanced in living systems.