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BIO-01 Harmful Algal Blooms
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Assessment of Resins on Paralytic Shellfish Toxins Adsorption, with One-year Trial in the Mussel Culture Ranch of Zhoushan
Wenguang Zhang* , Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China Jingyao Zhang, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China Yihan Wei, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China Qinglin Mu, Zhejiang Marine Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China Chenfeng Hua, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China Mengmeng Tong, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China |
Solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) has been proved to be an effective passive sampler for phycotoxins in marine environment. For paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), SEPABEADS® SP700 has been investigated and recommended as preferred resins for SPATT. Here, the toxin profile and spatial-temporal distribution of 10 PSTs were systematically analyzed in SPATT disks composed of SP700 and mussels from July 2020 to August 2021 in the biggest mussel culture ranch, the Gouqi Island of East China Sea. C2, dcGTX3 and dcGTX2 predominated the toxins accumulated in SPATT, accounting for 22.2%, 13.7% and 12.0%, respectively. In contrary, C1 (34.8%), C2 (31.8%) and GTX2 (7.7%) were the primary PSTs in mussels. For toxin concentration, however, the peak values of PSTs concentration in mussels (610.4 ng STX eq g-1) were rather higher than those of SP700 (47.3 ng STX eq g-1) which might illustrate a poor efficiency of SP700. Thus, more effective resins for PSTs adsorption need to be clarified. HP20, SP825L and HP2MGL were chosen as tested resins that exposed for a time series from 4 h to 168 h and a toxigenic strain Alexandrium tamarense was cultured as PSTs source. In total, adsorption of neoSTX, C1, C2, GTX1, GTX2 and GTX4 on these resins were studied and they exhibited varied capacities in accumulating different PSTs. HP20 was the preferred resin for GTX4 and C1, especially C1, with highest concentration of 5.04 ng occurred in 96 h. In contrary, HP2MGL showed better efficiency for adsorbing C2 of 2.99 ng in 4 h. Contents of PSTs adsorbed by SP825L was the lowest, with only 0.94 ng C1 detected after 168 h exposure. Together all the results, HP2MGL and HP20 might be the promising resins for PSTs adsorption and more resin types need further exploration. |
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