Typhoon drives substantial oceanic responses as their passing over the ocean, which demands a more comprehensive understanding. Sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are used to delineate the oceanic conditions and to quantify the typhoon-driven responses. The best-track typhoon information and satellite MODIS observations are used to assess the oceanic responses during the passage of typhoons in the northwest Pacific data from 2002 to 2019. According to the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of SST and Chl-a around the typhoon center, i.e., within a radius of 300 kilometers, at different times, a composite analysis is applied to quantify the typhoon-induced upper ocean responses in the northwest Pacific, e.g., SST decreases and Chl-a increases. SST initiates to decrease two days before the typhoon’s arrival, and further decreases till three days after the typhoon passes. Chl-a increases rapidly one day after the typhoon, and reaches the maximum value after another two or third days, and gradually returns to its initial state afterwards. The spatial distribution of the changes in SST and Chl-a shows enhanced response to the right side of the typhoon’s path. The wind speed and translation speed of typhoon, associating with the upper ocean environmental status, determines the intensity of oceanic response. In particular, large oceanic response is driven by typhoons with high wind speed and slow translation speed. The mixed layer depth (MLD), which delineates the upper ocean environmental status, is increasing with larger response for SST. However, the response in Chl-a is determined by the relative depth of the wind-induced mixing and the pre-typhoon MLD. The response in Chl-a increases as MLD deepens, but prominently decreases as the MLD becomes larger than the depth of typhoon-induced mixing. The study helps to quantitatively delineate the typhoon-induced changes and can be helpful to evaluate their trends in future.