The deep ocean and its biodiversity provide many ecosystem functions and services critical to the health of the planet. As the human population continues to grow, pressures on the deep ocean from climate change and resource extraction are inextricably rising, creating a serious situation in our planet's greatest frontier.  This presentation will discuss biodiversity and ecosystem discovery in the deep ocean, the services they provide and the vulnerability of these services to climate change, and direct disturbance from fishing, energy extraction, contamination and potentially to deep seabed mining or ocean-based carbon dioxide removal activities. Managing for sustainability of the deep ocean will require new, more inclusive scientific knowledge, climate consciousness and a way to surmount the significant challenges posed by current siloed governance systems.   Two deep-sea networks, the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) and the Deep-Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS) bring together deep-sea practitioners across disciplines to address these challenges.