BIO-01 Harmful Algal Blooms
Characterization of bloom-forming, harmful dinoflagellate Takayama sp. associated with the series of fish kill events in the coastal areas of Obando, Bulacan, Central Luzon Philippines  (Invited)
Garry A. Benico* , 1Algal Diversity and Bioresources Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Samantha Patricia Esteban, 1Algal Diversity and Bioresources Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Kazuya Takahashi, 2Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
Mitsunori Iwataki, 2Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan

In May 2018, a massive fish kill was documented in fish farming areas in Obando Bulacan. This fish kill inflicted a total economic loss amounting to PhP 29 million (USD 548,000). Since then, several small-scale fish kills have been affecting the area almost annualy. Water samples collected weeks after the fish kill revealed a high density of Takayama sp., a dinoflagellate known to cause massive fish mortalities in US, Japan and Australia. In May 2022, samples were again collected in an attempt to cultivate these harmful fish killing organism and conduct a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the established cultured. Strains of the bloom-forming Takayama were successfully established at the Algal Diversity and Bioresources Laboratory. Morphological characters of these culture strains were observed using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with other Takayama species isolated Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines, Nagasaki and Shimoda Japan; Batu Nisan, Pulau Perhantian, Malaysia and Halong Bay Vietnam. LM observation Takayama sp. Bulacan strains revealed the presence sigmoid shape apical grove, yellowish green chloroplast and large pyrenoid in the hypocone and thus confirms its genus identification. Molecular identification using partial LSU rDNA (D1–D3 region) and ITS sequences was also conducted to support morphological identification.  The present study reports the first verified taxonomic identity of Takayama species causing fish mortalities in fish farming sites in Obando, Bulacan, Central Luzon Philippines.