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BIO-01  Harmful Algal Blooms
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Morphologic and phylogenic characterization of two bloom-forming planktonic Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) species and their potential distribution in the China Sea
Lulu Pei* , Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
Wenjia Hu, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
Pengbin Wang, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Re-sources
Jianhua Kang, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
Hala F. Mohamed, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources
Changyou Wang, School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Lemian Liu, Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism
Zhaohe Luo, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources |
The genus Prorocentrum includes many species that are responsible for harmful algal blooms globally, which have serious economic impacts on marine aquaculture, fisheries, and tourism, as well as major environmental and human health impacts. In this study, two bloom-forming planktonic Prorocentrum species, P. cordatum and P. sigmoides, were isolated from the coastal waters of China. Their morphology was examined in detail using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The features of their periflagellar area platelet pattern, important taxonomic criteria, were revealed, and the distinctions in their morphology were compared with other closely related species. Both partial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequence-based phylogeny revealed three clades within planktonic Prorocentrum, referred to as P. micans-like (where the P. sigmoides included), P. cordatum-like, and P. triestinum-like groups. These groups showed consistencies in their thecal plate ornamentation and periflagellar area platelet pattern characteristics. Suitable habitats of P. cordatum and P. sigmoides along the coast of China were predicted with combined maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and random forest (RF) models. Highly or very highly suitable P. cordatum habitats were mainly located in the coastal waters of central to northern China. The habitat suitability range of P. sigmoides was narrower than that of P. cordatum, and concentrated near the Yangtze River Estuary. The main environmental drivers were identified by the variable importance evaluation procedure in BIOMOD 2. Mean sea surface temperature (SST) was the main distribution driver of both P. cordatum and P. sigmoides, and mean sea surface salinity (SSS), distance from coastline, and phosphorus concentrations also influenced their distribution. Ocean warming, eutrophication, and re-oligotrophication could potentially expand the distribution range of bloom-forming species. These results showed that machine learning models can play a useful role in the study of the potential distribution of harmful algal blooms |
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